The Battle Over Free Essay Samples on Personality with 4 Different Outcomes and How to Win It

The Battle Over Free Essay Samples on Personality with 4 Different Outcomes and How to Win It The War Against Free Essay Samples on Personality with 4 Different Outcomes School, on the flip side, can greatly be impacted by this because it's the way I handle organizing my time for many of my classes. A lesson plan developed on a single strand for a single group of students won't necessarily be as effective delivered to some other group of students. Preparation by the teacher is essential. Students with this feeling of belonging are more inclined to respond with appropriate behaviours and play an active role in class participation as opposed to against the teacher. The evolution of communication skills is also quite important to fulfill my leadership requirements because I need to be in a position to keep effective communication not merely with distinct people but also to develop communication within the organisation that is a lot more difficult than routine communication betwe en people. For instance, it has been found that leaders inspire others and initiate organizational change, while managers are ready to manage challenges that may happen in the consequence of change. In summary, it's important to say that leadership and management are two important terms which have been widely discussed in the area of business. Leadership and management are two methods for organizing people which are effectively utilised in business relationships. Inside this, a test-taker isn't force to create self-ratings and assessment of behaviour. Leadership is centered on long-term goals because the decisions of leaders have an effect on the future of business relationships and the entire organization. In the end, winning is the game of people that have appropriate conduct. For this reason, you must keep in mind there are no short cuts to success. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. This essay entails the details on the reasons as to why extrave rsion is a significant subject of study and why it is essential for a manager to get this personality. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is rather effective. It's very useful to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Perhaps a very simple example can provide help. Success in later life is often credited to academic prowess. Being a real personality assessment test is its main strength. When the personality of an individual was noted, then he or she's ready to be described in compliance with the characters he portrays. Conclusion An individual's personality is essential, not just in private life but in addition in his relationship with the society. Lies You've Been Told About Free Essay Samples on Personality with 4 Different Outcomes Personalities like extroversion have not received much attention for quite a while now. Our celebrati on wouldn't be complete without your presence. The Free Essay Samples on Personality with 4 Different Outcomes Stories It's an all-inclusive measure of normal personalities utilized by individuals. Individuals can also enhance their personality types. The trait theories are not the same as psychodynamic theories in they focus on differences between individuals. There are various classifications of personalities which people exhibit. The comprehension of all of the 3 approaches which have been used with these psychologists has made possible for men and women in the society to define what human the personality entails. Unique people have various characteristics in the society thus when focusing on the personality of people it's always best to take a look at people from various perspectives. My upcoming desire is to maintain the great values that I've developed since childhood and through experiences in order to be prosperous. Certainly, we often overlook the importance for pe ople to have a healthy or positive self-esteem. His reserved attitude may come up due to his deprivation immediate gratification. It means that someone will behave in line with the wishes of the mind. As soon as a person possesses a reduced self-esteem, he or she attempts to impress others or prove others a focus in their lives. Every person feels comfortable in an exceptional sort of learning way. Free Essay Samples on Personality with 4 Different Outcomes - Is it a Scam? Nursing is frequently a springboard to numerous different positions. As a nurse, you get to identify what values you express at work. Everyone can accept work and fill a position merely to get by, but it doesn't indicate they are successful. Teachers want students to be successful. To the contrary, a person who has a bold personality is more likely to manage the challenge and solve it rather than avoiding or compromising the scenario. Being a nurse has ever meant more that just a sheet of fabric. Be ing she doesn't seem to have the same good feeling that it used to.

A Brief Note On Numeracy And Maths Specialists - 3358 Words

TASK 1 PART A Pursuing a PGCE Numeracy and Maths Specialists is a responsibility that I owe to myself as well as a commitment that I made. It is a responsibility because I have a positive outlook on life, which makes me to actively seek and go after things that I want to accomplish in life. It is a commitment because I want to contribute to society so that others will use it as an example. Due to the passion I have for teaching, I had always sought opportunity to enrol to a course like this but have never found one. I came across PGCE Numeracy and Maths Specialists in December 2014 when I was taking the PTLLS course. I have studied maths and maths related courses throughout my studies, but did not understand the essence until when I worked†¦show more content†¦How can the populace have such basic skills if there is not enough and qualified instructor to teach them? I have the necessary qualities required to execute this task. In this light, I thought it wise and have decided to take up PGCE Numeracy and Maths Specialists because I enjoy working with people, I am able to motivate others and give constructive criticism, I am a hardworking, reliable individual who can work well alone or as part of a team with emphasis on performing quality work. I am a highly determined, adaptable and resourceful individual and also skilled at responding to complex situations and handling stressful conditions. I enjoy challenging and varied working environment and enjoy communicating with others at all levels, and will be able to apply these skills and knowledge gained during my undergraduate and postgraduate studies to help individuals to better their lives, and to achieve their goals. I will also gain valuable experience, skills and knowledge such as; analysing learning needs and develop appropriate strategies, managing own learning, and make critical use of scholarly reviews and primary , demonstrate self direction in tackling and solving problems, analyse and evaluate methodologies appropriate to the lifelong learning sector, communicate complex ideas and arguments effectively using a range of media both orally and in writing, demonstrate a critical understanding of knowledge of

Importance Of Political Parties Essay Example For Students

Importance Of Political Parties Essay It is my understanding that the Libertarian, Neo Liberal, the compassionateConservative and the Progressive share one thing in common even though it maysee that way. All seek the means to find a Just Society in whichthis nation can benefit economically and socially. The view point of theLibertarian on W2, would use the argument of it is not fare for those whom hadto work hard for what they have. Why should somebody who is able to work shouldbe given another chance to better themselves. Not only did my taxes try to helpyou, but you didnt even take advantage of it. The underclass that did not takein to full consideration of what was being given to them. They shouldnt begiven help, its their problem that they are where they are and why should I payfor their mistakes? The means of making yourself a better citizen and workingforce are there. If I worked hard why cant you? The view point of theLibertarian is strong in saying you must take action for your responsibility asa working citizen that is able to fend for themselves. And it is not thegovernments role to help you live your life. Instead helping the underclass itmaking matters worse not only is government making people believe thatgovernment is there to pay for your mistakes, especially when its my hard earnedmoney on the line. In order to really help the underclass is by giving the powerto non profit organizations, churches, community centers where people really areaffected, not in some building that will make you think, Oh I can affordto quit my job, because I know that I get that welfare check and the foodstamps. The final thought from the Liberal is that it doesnt see thatgovernments role is to make life easier. The Neo-Liberal, We must talkabout such things as efficiency and effectiveness is we ever want to achievesocial justice. The question the N.L. would raise is why havent thesepeople better themselves? ? it is our responsibility as leaders and as citizensto help fellow Americans. Thus we must find w hat went wrong. The N.L., which Iwill admit I dont fully understand its view points that well. I would say is alot more willing to spend tax payers money on more programs such as W2, to helpthose of the underclass to obtain a better living standard. But programs thathelp, meaning that it just doesnt make people who need it but keeping the mainidea that, to create effectiveness. Effectiveness in which we cansee the results, and do away with biased programs such as affirmative actionwhich are in reality unjust and unethical. The compassionate Conservative mainidea and focus to my understanding is free market. The C.C. wouldsay that the government shouldnt create another program to help those that forsome reason did not benefit from it. To help the underclass by doing away withsuch programs that dont help, but in fact make their situation worse. Theseindividuals were given the chance, no, the opportunity to better themselves. Whyshould government continue to give a free ride to these i ndividuals that do nottake the individual responsibility. Let the individual take action for his orher responsibility to make it in the free market . And not waiting for thegovernment to continue its free ride. Its view points is that government is notdoing its duty by helping the free market , by creating more programs with taxpayers money that dont affect the root of the problem, the community. You cantchange a person, but you can change the environment in which they live. Also Isee that it is more willing to give power to the churches and community centers. .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b , .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .postImageUrl , .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b , .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:hover , .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:visited , .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:active { border:0!important; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:active , .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e059f5511d5eeee1bbe9ab73394091b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Soccer Essay Introduction Rather than to create more programs that do not help the free market , butcreate more social problems , i.e. teen pregnancies and welfare abuse. TheProgressives view point is that the key to social justice os the barrier ofracism. That the biggest problem in the underclass is black America. It is acommon stereotype that it is black America that faces this problem. The realityis that it isnt just minorities its also is the white Americans. In order to doaway with this problem the view point of the Progressive is the encouragement ofracial diversity. Therefore creating tolerance for one another would reach thegoal of a just society and get rid of this idea that its just the black or justthe whites, or whomever it is that is placed under basic stereotypes. The otherfocus is that we must come together as a community and as a nation to help oneanother to better ourselves as a whole and not as individuals. Power to thepeople by uniting as a whole you do away with all these social problems. Once wedo away with underclass stereotype and see that it can be anybody in thatsituation. We can do away with all these problems. My point of view with what Ihave seen and heard is the following, when it all comes down to it, it is theindividual whom decides what role he or she wants to play in our society, allmeans to become under class and even high class are there. This nation is trulythe land of opportunity and gives the chance to any individual to obtain andachieve the American dream. I believe this because I have witnessed it with myown eyes I am the product of underclass that has been given the chance to besomething in life. I have witnessed both urban and suburbia America. Private andpublic schools I have both been in. I have met a diversity of people and I havecome to the conclusion that no matter what government role should play in ourlives it is doing it. Wether or not we notice it, its there government willalways be there. The role it plays now is perfect. Our society seems to disagreebut the truth is this, we live in country where we have the right to doinganything we want. You could even get away with murder, my point is this that nomatter what side of the city you live and no matter how you live you still havethe opportunity to do what you wish. American eyes, view the world throughAmerican eyes and you would see that the truth is that we live in a country thatthere are no limitations, just restrictions that protect us from ourselves. Andstill you will find that people do not realize that America is the only place inthe world that you can express your self and live a life that is not like anyother even if you are on welfare, this a democracy were even he poor have achance. The underclass can achieve a place in our society that gives themrespect. In conclusion, the political parties that I have read about andcomprehend what they are about is this that it is in the dollar sign that willmake us who we want to be in this society and the only way w e can achieve a truejust society is to get rid of certain ideas that force us to think that money iswhat gives the right to live and right to die. When the true essence is that wewere created equal, maybe not in the eyes of man but in the image of God. .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc , .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .postImageUrl , .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc , .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:hover , .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:visited , .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:active { border:0!important; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:active , .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f1ad759f85750550bd4bed838c77cfc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adam Kidd EssayPolitics

Multi

Introduction A project can be defined as a set of planned activities that are used to come up with clear and specific objectives within a given timeline and budget. The activities of a project are generally involving and painstaking, beginning with the identification of resource mobilization team and task force that helps to develop the necessary resource allocations and core operational lending to fund the project.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A full participatory approach that entails a multi-disciplinary/multi-sectored approach is necessary to expedite the project cycle activities. The design phase of a project cycle is very crucial because it is the design process that determines the most feasible way through which the problem can be tackled, or objectives can be met. The involvement of a multi-disciplinary approach in participation e nsures that the project is successful and sustainable. However, as a development practitioner, one experiences various challenges while conducting a multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis hence affecting the actual outcome of the project. This paper aims at discussing the challenges/problems that a development practitioner experiences while conducting the aforementioned analysis. Discussion Stakeholders/beneficiaries are people who have a direct, significant and particular interest in given natural resources hence, have the liberty to express their views in a proposed project. Primary and secondary stakeholders, who have personal interests in the proposed project that addresses the problems concerned, are identified through a stakeholder analysis. Stakeholder analysis is very important as it helps in the development of strategic views that can be applied to address the problem. Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis entails the identification of the different kinds of stakeholders who will take part in project development. These stakeholders are very important at every stage of the project cycle because each stage is related to the needs of the stakeholders in one way or the other (Caldwell, 2002). Appendix 1 represents a table that could be used in multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis (Gawler, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are primary/direct stakeholders and these are very essential with regard to conservation. They are directly affected by any outcome of the project based on action taken hence; they are a very critical component of the project design process because wrong action will not yield into the desired impact of the project. The development practitioner should ensure that he/she clearly identifies the primary stakeholders as they are very essential in ensuring sustainability of the project. Secondary stakeholders are those wit h an indirect interest in the project. They entail donors, national government officials, consumers and private enterprises. Despite the fact that they are not included in all stages of the project, their periodic contribution is required (Guijt Woodhill, 2002). Opposition stakeholders adversely affect outcome of the project as they have the power to influence and control resources. They are mainly political leaders and mainly also known as gate-keepers. As a development practitioner, it is very important to establish a very good rapport with these stakeholders. In addition, it is very important that the practitioner develops amicable strategies of handling such stakeholders because they usually have personal interests. These stakeholders are interested in gaining favor from the rest of the population hence will seek to have all the credit given to them irrespective of the fact that they did not contribute much (Howlett, et al., 2000). Marginalized stakeholders are suppressed and t heir voices not given the importance they deserve. Irrespective of their input to project design and management, they lack the capacity of getting equally involved in a participatory approach during project design, implementation and management. It is left to the development practitioner to ensure that the marginalized stakeholders gain the recognition they deserve during problem identification, formulation of objectives, establishing the relevant approaches to addressing the problem and evaluating the strategy selected to determine its relevance in achieving the formulated objectives (Dickinson, 2002; Parpart, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development practitioner should determine the nature and limits of every stakeholder’s role in the project. This is important to avoid misunderstandings that may prevent successful im plementation of the program. Some stakeholders can only play their roles to a certain point hence, the practitioner should know the limitations and the type of stake each stakeholder is willing to offer. Failure to identify what each stakeholder is willing to offer may lead to disagreements thereafter thus affecting the success of the project. Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is a very critical process that requires adequate time for the development practitioner to explore stakeholders’ views, values and perspectives and obtain their insight with regard to human and institutional landscape. The stakeholder’s insight determines whether collaboration is necessary (WWF Ecoregion Conservation Strategies Unit, 2000; Rahman, 1995). Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is very inherent to any participatory approach because it helps planners to confirm the effects of a certain activity, identify marginalized groups who will be affected by the project’s develop ment activities. In addition, it ensures cost-effectiveness of the project because different disciplines come together to identify a common ground for action. This way, each discipline contributes partly to the success of the project cycle rather than leaving the entire project burden and budget to one party. The involvement of various disciplines in a project prevents duplication of resources hence saves on resources and avoids wastage. However be affected by cultural values and beliefs of a people. Gender issues are a main I pediment to the success of projects. This is because, discrimination by gender excludes some stakeholders from the project cycle hence, the project address the problems of all stakeholders (Razavi, 1998; Lind, 1997). Multi-stakeholder analysis in project cycle involves various parties from national, international organizations, private sector and the civil society. The recent notion in project cycle development is that networking in an integrated way should be embraced so as to achieve the actual objectives of the project.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A participatory approach in project development is assumed involve each and every person with a stake, choice and voice in the project cycle development process. Unfortunately, this approach may be governed by gendered interests hence, not giving the least powerful the chance to voice in their views and opinions. A development practitioner experiences difficulties related to, equity and inclusion during multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis given the fact that participation discourse has shifted from mere beneficiary participation to involve questions related to rights, governance and citizenship (Gaventa, 2002; Becker, 2001). The involvement of stakeholders in a project participation discourse in most occasions, boils down to a situation whereby only the few vocal voices are raised and heard. Women have been seen to lose out where their presence and views are marginalized in the so called ‘participatory processes.’ In such a case, it becomes very difficult for a deve lopment practitioner to foster full participation in projects. Gender and full participation with regard to development is considered to be rather fraught and is associated with tensions and contradictions that are too much for a development practitioner to handle. Gender and development assumes a top-down approach since the views of both genders are not adequately considered due to prevailing frames of references and lack of wide participation in setting agenda and implementing proposed ideas (Guijt, 1994; Razavi Miller, 1995.). Every beneficiary has a right to his/her voice in development while integrating various disciplines to help alleviate poverty and injustice in the society. It would be important to entail political, organizing, practical and creative factors to help in addressing poverty and injustice, where the political factor would play a great role in ensuring that legal frameworks defend and advance the rights of the poor and marginalized. Organization focuses on ensu ring that people organize themselves in a proper way for collective struggle (Fals-Borda Rahman, 1991). In a culture where gender discrimination is evident, it becomes difficult for the development practitioner to fight against cultural values and ways despite the fact that full participation is achieved without discrimination of any sort. Women, just like men, have important roles to carry out in project management and design. Women and children are the most vulnerable in society and therefore, involving women just the same way as men would enhance the success of the project. Gender mainstreaming, where the development practitioner creates an environment in which both men and women have an equal role to play and voice in their views unanimously, should be developed. This way, varied responses encompassing all genders are incorporated into the project. However, gender mainstreaming in an environment where gender discrimination is evident would not easy to achieve as a development p ractitioner (The Netherlands, ITAD Ltd, 1999; McPhail Jacobs, 1995). The involved stakeholders are the key parties that identify problems and issues that need to be addressed. In developing countries, a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) has been used to foster participation in prevailing projects. PRA entails the use of semi-structured but highly participatory activities that draw on the local communities’ knowledge and skills, while assisting them to assess their environment and resources. This approach is bent on the fact that solutions should derived from the local community (Pratt, 2001; Leach, Mearns Scoones, 1997). Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis helps to establish a rapport between the facilitator and the stakeholders, which is very essential for the success of a project. It is the first step in any project cycle because conducting a multi-stakeholder analysis is important for developing the required task force necessary to ensure that every stage of the pr oject cycle is successful, addressing the relevant issues affecting the stakeholders. However, it is very important that the facilitator suitably identifies the relevant stakeholders A multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis helps to formulate SMART objectives. In addition, this analysis helps to identify the locally available resources that can be included while addressing the problem at hand. The analysis also helps to identify conflicts of interests among the stakeholders hence; it will be easy to manage the stakeholders. Unfortunately, the conflicts can be very overwhelming for the facilitator such that it could lead to derailment of the project. The development practitioner should use the multi-stakeholder analysis process to develop appropriate strategies that will ensure that stakeholders’ conflicts of interests do not interfere with the success of the project (Insight Partnership, 1995). The analytical importance of gender as a vital element is obscured by the narrow focus on gender relations. When a project fails to address gender related issues at the start of the project, then it becomes difficult to incorporate them in the subsequent stages of the project cycle. A project that does not include the varying needs of men and women in social, linguistic, economic and cultural contexts is likely to be ineffective, unsustainable and inefficient. The development practitioner, who is mainly the facilitator/chairperson, may have a difficult time trying to identify the relevant stakeholders so they can take part in needs assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of the project. This is because; individuals with personal interests may mislead the practitioner and he/she ends up identifying the wrong program and as a result, the project will not achieve intended objectives due to poor targeting (Rahman, 1995). A project may fail if the development practitioner does not adequately factor in the interests and groups of the different stakeholders in the area where a project is to be implemented. In such a case, stakeholders who feel that their interests are not adequately taken into account may use their power to prevent attainment of objectives. Therefore, it is very important that a development practitioner ensures that the interests of all the involved stakeholders are factored in during throughout the project cycle (Robb, 1999). Stakeholders may not be willing to accept the project. Such a case happens when the project was done while using a top-down approach hence, it may not be relevant to the stakeholders. Assuming the case of Australia’s aid program, environmental management system is developed and executed with the aim of achieving sound environmental performance. It establishes a structure through which environmental issues are addressed by allocation of resources, assignment of responsibilities and evaluation of practices, procedures and processes useful during the development, implementation, achievement, review and maintenance of policy and legal setting (Standards Australia/ Standards New Zealand, 1996 cited in Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). The EMS undergoes five steps to successfully develop a project/program that will ensure that environmental objectives in Australia are met. The first step entails comprehending policy and legal setting under which the desired useful activities will be implemented. Different stakeholders, that is, the AusAID staff, contractors, NGOs and associated development partners are required to fully understand the legal obligations related to AusAID’s activities to successfully carry out the assessment and properly manage the associated activities. The AusAID is involved with poverty reduction and environmental growth, stability and prosperity. The involvement of the relevant stakeholders helps to establish essential links that greatly fosters the effectiveness of the program in as far as poverty reduction was concerned (Commonwealth of Austral ia, 2003; Rademacher Patel, 2002). Multi-disciplinary approach of the AusAID is important as the Minister for Environment and Heritage is required to give advice before executing a project. Involving the Minister is very important because he/she is well aware of the objectives that the nation seeks to attain hence, will be in a position to give his/her opinion regarding the feasibility of the project with regard to the desired program effects. This example clearly indicates that the AusAID program identifies the desired stakeholders by conducting a training to create awareness. In this example, it is evident that the stakeholders involved are staff, contractors, NGOs and related parties involved in the implementation of the program’s activities. This example shows that while conducting a project, relevant stakeholders should be included in the project. This fosters the success and ability of the project to achieve its objectives. In addition, this network of stakeholders doe s not specify a certain gender or group of social group of people. The main focus is the ability to perform and objectives of the project. Depending on the role of each stakeholder, all will work collectively to carry on with assessment, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and review. Assuming that a different group of stakeholders were selected, that which did not have knowledge about AusAID, its objectives and policies, the successful execution of the project would be jeopardized (Commonwealth of Australia, 2003). A development practitioner encounters a hard time trying to involve all the relevant stakeholders within a location into the project. This is because; some of the stakeholders are overwhelmed with responsibilities thus present themselves as secondary stakeholders. The AusAID example shows this. Therefore, a practitioner is not able to create a mainstream environment that allows for multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis because some of the stakeholders are tied u p in other events or responsibilities. In such a case, the practitioner is obliged to continuously update other stakeholders, who are not able to frequently avail themselves. The development practitioner is faced with the responsibility of making the stakeholders aware of the fact that power is not a priority at the time. The most crucial thing during multi-disciplinary analysis is to ensure that various aspects of the society integrate with one another for the good of everyone and not for only those to whom power has been bestowed upon. Different stakeholders may discriminate against one another yet, when selected applying the recommended protocol, all the stakeholders are very important for the success and effectiveness of the project (Howlett, et al., 2000). When multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is done correctly, the stakeholders’ interests are met and they gain capacity development, which is very important for project sustainability and ownership. In addition, the stakeholders are able to integrate the locally available resources to ensure the sustainability of the project. Sustainability is successful when a full participatory approach is achieved involving a mainstreamed environment. Some stakeholders would want to use their power to govern the use and control of the project yet, the project is meant to benefit everyone regardless of their status. It is difficult for the facilitator to ensure that the project maintains an impartial approach that does not favor anyone due to their individual power or position. Every stakeholder involved in the design and management of the project has an equal right to the project (The Unit for Social and Environmental Research at Chang Mai University (USER), 2004.). Conclusion Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis is the initial and critical process of any project cycle. It is the determinant factor with regard to the success of the project. Understanding the views and opinions of the different stakeholde rs helps in designing a project that is relevant to the stakeholders. Identifying the ideal and relevant stakeholders to take part in the project management and design process is not easy but it should be carefully carried out. The stakeholders identified are a representative of the rest of the population hence; it is assumed that the needs of the stakeholders are a representation of the entire population within a particular society. If the stakeholder analysis is not carried out correctly, then the project ends up not addressing the desired society needs. Gender discrimination therefore, should be avoided and a full participatory approach encouraged. Reference List Becker, H. A., 2001. Social impact assessment. European Journal of Operational Research, 128, 311–21. Caldwell, R., 2002. Project Design Handbook (Working Draft Full Version 1.0 July 2002). Atlanta: CARE International. Commonwealth of Australia, 2003. Environmental Management Guide for Australia’s Aid Progr am 2003: AusAID. Canberra: AusAID. Dickinson, P., 2002. Preparing monitoring plans for the TDPs. Gland, Switzerland: WWF International. Gaventa, J., 2002. Introduction: exploring citizenship, participation and accountability. IDS Bulletin, 33, 1–11. Gawler, M., 2005. Project Design in the Context of Project Cycle Management. Prà ©vessin-Moà «ns: Artemis Services. Guijt, I., 1994. Making a difference: integrating gender analysis into PRA. PRA Notes, 19, 49–55. Guijt, I., Woodhill, J., 2002. Managing for Impact in Rural Development: A Guide for Project M E. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Office of Evaluation and Studies. Fals-Borda, O., Rahman, M. A., 1991. Action and knowledge: Breaking the monopoly with Participatory Action Research. New York: Apex Press. Howlett, D., et al. 2000. Stakeholder Analysis and Local Identification of Indicators of the Success and Sustainability of Farming Based Livelihood Systems. Sustainability Indicators for Natural Resource Policy, Wo rking Paper No. 5, Department for International Development (UK) Insight Partnership, 1995. Goal Oriented Project Planning Facilitator Training: Individual Procedures. The Netherlands: Little van der Geer. Leach, M., Mearns, R., Scoones, I. Eds. 1997. Community based sustainable development: consensus or conflict. IDS Bulletin, 28 (4), 12. Lind, A., 1997. Gender, development and urban social change: women’s community action in global cities. World Development, 25, 1205–1223. McPhail, K. Jacobs, S., 1995. Social Assessment. Washington D.C: The World Bank. Parpart, J., 1999. Rethinking participation, empowerment and development from a gender perspective. In J. Freedman (Ed.), Transforming development. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Pratt, G., 2001. Practitioners! Critical reflections on PRA and participation in Nepal. IDS Working Paper no. 122. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies. Pretty, J., 1995. Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture. Worl d Development, 23, 1247–1263. Rademacher, A., Patel, R., 2002. Retelling worlds of poverty: reflections on transforming participatory research for a global narrative. In Brock, K., McGee, R. Eds. Knowing poverty: Critical reflections on participatory research and policy. London: Earth scans Publications. Rahman, M., 1995. People’s self-development: Perspectives on Participatory Action Research. London: Zed Books. Razavi, S., 1998. Gendered poverty and social change. Discussion Paper DP. 94, Geneva: UNRISD. Razavi, S., Miller, C., 1995. From WID to GAD: Conceptual shifts in the women and development discourse. Occasional Paper no. 1, Geneva: UNRISD. Robb, C., 1999. Can the poor influence policy? Participation in the World Bank’s poverty assessments. Washington, DC: World Bank. The Netherlands, ITAD Ltd, 1999. Project Cycle Management Training Handbook. EC, Brussels: ITAD. The Unit for Social and Environmental Research at Chang Mai University (USER), 2004. Sust ainable Production-Consumption Systems. Thailand: Chiang Mai.  https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/cid WWF Ecoregion Conservation Strategies Unit, 2000. Stakeholder Collaboration: Building Bridges for Conservation. Washington, DC: WWF US. Appendix This essay on Multi-disciplinary stakeholder analysis was written and submitted by user Sage Durham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Multi Besides international trade, FDI by multinational corporations is a great force that is driving globalization of â€Å"the world economy† (Eun Resnick, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-National Corporations Definition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the report presented by the UN, there are more than six hundred thousand multinational corporations across the world with more than a half a million foreign affiliates (Eun Resnick, 2007). In the course of the 1990s, these corporations’ FDI increased at the rate of ten percent annually while international trade’s annual growth rate was 3.5 percent in the same period (Eun Resnick, 2007). Moreover, it is reported that the worldwide MNCs’ sales increased to eleven trillion dollars in the year 1998, â€Å"compared to about $7 trillion of world exports in the same year† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15). It is indica ted that the multinational corporations are influencing the global economy. In this paper, there is going to be a discussion on MNCs and what motivates them to invest overseas. There is also going to be a discussion about different risks these corporations face and how they manage them. A multinational corporation can be defined as â€Å"a business firm incorporated in one country that has production and sales operations in several other countries† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15). This involves a situation where a firm acquires the sales operations and production from one national market and the financial capital from another; producing commodities â€Å"with labor and capital equipment in a third country, and selling the finished product in yet other national markets† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, among the MNCs, there are t hose that carry out business operations in various nations. They receive funding from the main money market centres across the globe in various currencies. It is pointed out that â€Å"global operations force the treasurer’s office to establish international banking relationships, place short-term funds in several currency dominations, and effectively manage foreign exchange risk† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.15). The benefits that the MNCs can gain from investing overseas are the motivating factors for making such investments (Eun Resnick, 2007). They may gain from having a global presence in a number of ways. Firstly, they can gain from the economies of scale which may be realized though undertaking various activities. For instance, they may realize this by engaging in spreading expenditures of research and development and costs of advertising over sales made on the international market. Moreover, they can realize economies of scale by â€Å"pooling the global purchasing power over suppliers† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.17). They can also realize this by using the managerial and technological skills internationally, with very low extra costs. Another gain from investing overseas is that these corporations can utilize their worldwide presence to capitalize on the lower labor service prices that are found in particular developing nations, and in turn acquire â€Å"access to special RD capabilities residing in advanced foreign countries† (Eun Resnick, 2007, p.17). Without any doubt, the MNCs can engage in leveraging their worldwide presence in order to increase profit margins and also to realize value creation (Eun Resnick, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multi-National Corporations Definition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The emerging markets are quite attractive and present great opportunities for the MNCs to invest. However, these markets are greatly unpredi ctable and may present various political risks. Under international finance, a political risk is said to exist in a situation where the political change can contribute towards having discontinuities within the business environment which are very hard to foresee. According to Thunnel (1977), there are two types of political risks; one of them is sovereign risk. This occurs in the host nations where a MNC can be affected by either social or government instability which may involve having revolutions and political strikes among others. The other type involves risks that occur between the host nation and the home country of the MNC, and this may involve having wars, trade frictions and â€Å"cross-currency control risks† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.362). The biggest risk that the multinational corporations face is â€Å"expropriation or nationalization of their investment, and forced withdrawal from the host country† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.362). Expropriation may involve a ho st nation engaging in appropriating the rents or profits of the multinational corporation by rising the levels of taxes imposed on direct foreign investment or otherwise, utilizing its authority to moderately expropriate (Liu Bjornson, 1998). The MNCs manage risks that they face through various ways. One of them is through insurance. Several developed nations engage in selling the political risk insurance in order to cover the domestic companies as well as foreign assets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in 1979, the United States government set up the â€Å"’Overseas Private Investment Corporation’ which provides insurance against expropriation, currency inconvertibility, political violence, and also loss of business income from interruptions to DFI operations† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.363). In 1988, MIGA or â€Å"Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency† was set up in order to boost â€Å"investment for economic development by insuring foreign investment against currency transfer restrictions, expropriation, war, civil disturbances, and breach of contract† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, p.363). The MNCs also manage the risk exposure by negotiating the environment. They do this by making concession agreements with the government of the host country before investing. They define the responsibilities as well as the rights of these two parties. These may include having tax breaks, constructing the infrastructure and having property rights that a re defined in a clear manner. The â€Å"negotiating environment† approach was used in the case that involved China as a host country and McDonald’s in 1994, to deal with the issue of property rights (Liu Bjornson, 1998). The other effective approach is to restructure the investment. Basing on this approach, the multinational corporations seek to bring down the level of their exposure to risks by â€Å"increasing the host country’s cost of interference with company operations† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, 363). Among the strategies of this nature is vertical integration which â€Å"keeps the local affiliate dependent on external MNC subsidiaries for inputs or market† (Liu Bjornson, 1998, 363). In conclusion, it has been established in the discussion that the multinational corporations are motivated to invest in foreign countries by the potential benefits that such investments bring. By investing overseas, they can gain from the economies of scale and may also be able to take advantage of the lower labor costs that are found mostly in developing nations. However, the MNCs also face political risks such as revolutions, political strikes, wars, trade frictions and â€Å"cross-currency control risks† among others. The MNC have been managing these risks by using such approaches as taking insurance cover, negotiating the environment and restructuring the investment among others. References Eun, C.S. Resnick, B.G. (2007). International Financial Management. (4th ed.)New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Liu, Y. Bjornson, B. (1998). Managing exposure of direct foreign investment to political risk: The case of food businesses in China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 1(3), 359 – 372. Thunnel, H. L. (1977). Political risk in international business: Investment behaviour of multinational corporations. New York, NY: Prager Publishers. This essay on Multi-National Corporations Definition was written and submitted by user Kaylynn Hebert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.